运维生产环境常用Linux命令

查看系统相关信息

[root@test ~]# lsb_release -a

LSB Version:     
:base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch

Distributor ID:  RedHatEnterpriseServer

Description:      Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago)

Release:    6.6

Codename:        Santiago

 

[root@test ~]# uname -a

Linux test 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Sep 16 01:56:35 EDT 2014 x86_64
x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

 

[root@test ~]# env（系统环境变量信息）

 

[root@test ~]# head -n 1 /etc/issue

 

查看系统资源

[root@test ~]# free –m（查看内存使用量和交换区使用量）

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem:       2006       1901        104          1        309        379

-/+ buffers/cache:       1212        793

Swap:         3999        578       3421

 

[root@test ~]# df –h（查看各分区使用情况）

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/asr_r0p3   62G   43G   17G  72% /

tmpfs                1004M   80K 1003M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/mapper/asr_r0p1  969M   34M  885M   4% /boot

 

[root@test ~]# du -sh
/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/*（查看指定目录的大小）

8.0K  /gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/catalina.2017-08-17.log

92K    /gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/catalina.2017-08-17.out

0       
/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/host-manager.2017-08-17.log

4.0K  /gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/localhost.2017-08-17.log

0        /gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/manager.2017-08-17.log

 

网络

[root@test ~]# ifconfig（查看所有网络接口的属性）

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:11:25:8C:0A:E4 

          inet addr:192.168.199.110  Bcast:192.168.199.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::211:25ff:fe8c:ae4/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:8262349 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:1995711 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:3713318471 (3.4 GiB)  TX bytes:511496797 (487.8 MiB)

          Interrupt:16

 

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:11:25:8C:0A:E5 

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

          Interrupt:16

 

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1

          RX packets:551316 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:551316 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:363433967 (346.5 MiB)  TX bytes:363433967 (346.5 MiB)

[root@test ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0（编辑相关IP网络配置）

DEVICE=eth0

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=e0a10613-98f5-4672-a09e-f4bed7652d00

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=192.168.199.110

DNS1=202.96.128.86

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=192.168.199.1

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes

IPV6INIT=no

NAME="System eth0"

HWADDR=00:11:25:8C:0A:E4

[root@test ~]# service iptables stop/start/restart/status（关闭/开启/重启/状态）

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables（编辑防火墙相关配置）

# sample configuration for iptables service

# you can edit this manually or use system-config-firewall

# please do not ask us to add additional ports/services to this default
configuration

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

 

命令行相关快捷键

Tab：命令行补全

Ctrl+a：跳到命令行的行首

Ctrl+e：跳到命令行的行末

Ctrl+w：删除命令行中一个命令集。例如参数集或者命令语句

Ctrl+r：可以根据你输入的字符搜索之前执行的历史命令（ctrl+r可以切换）

 

Tomcat在Linux下的一些操作

[root@test ~]# ps aux|grep tomcat（查找Tomcat执行进程，也可以使用ps -ef|grep tomcat）

root     16260  0.0  0.0 105420   876 pts/0    S+   09:41   0:00 grep tomcat

root     31602  0.0  0.0 108160   652 ?        S    Aug17   0:00 /bin/sh
/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/bin/catalina.sh start

root     31603  0.0  0.0   4116   580 ?        S    Aug17   0:00
/usr/local/cronolog/sbin/cronolog
/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/logs/catalina.%Y-%m-%d.out

root     31604  0.4 16.4 1855728 338340 ?      Sl   Aug17   3:46 /usr/bin/java
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/conf/logging.properties
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=60001
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=19.16.91.118
-Djava.endorsed.dirs=/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/endorsed
-classpath /gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/bin/bootstrap.jar
-Dcatalina.base=/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35
-Dcatalina.home=/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35
-Djava.io.tmpdir=/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/temp
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

[root@test ~]# kill -9 31604（杀死Tomcat进程，即关闭Tomcat）

[root@test ~]#
/gdsfApps/webServer/apache-tomcat-6.0.35/bin/startup.sh（启动Tomcat）

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