ASP.NET CORE 入门教程（附源码） - 好文

ASP.NET CORE 入门教程

第一课基本概念

* 基本概念
* Asp.Net Core Mvc是.NET Core平台下的一种Web应用开发框架
* 符合Web应用特点
* .NET Core跨平台解决方案
* MVC设计模式的一种实现
* 环境准备
* 安装最新版Visual Studio 2017 <https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/>
* 安装最新版.NET Core Sdk <https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download>
第二课控制器的介绍

* 控制器定义方式：
* 命名以Controller结尾
* 使用ControllerAttribute标注 public class TestController : Controller { }
[Controller] public class Test : Controller { }
* 默认路由规则
* 域名/控制器类/方法
* {Domain}/{Controller}/{Action}
* 数据形式
* QueryString: ?name=zhangsan&age=22
* Form
* Cookie
* Session
* Header
* HttpRequest
* HttpRequest 是用户请求对象
* 提供获取请求数据的属性
* Cookies,Headers,Query,QueryString,Form public IActionResult Hello() { //
Query var name = Request.Query["name"]; // QueryString var query =
Request.QueryString.Value; // Form var username = Request.Form["username"]; //
Cookies var cookie = Request.Cookies["item"]; // Headers var headers =
Request.Headers["salt"]; return Content("Hello"); }
* HttpContext
* HttpContext是用户请求上下文
* 提供Session属性获取Session对象
* Session.Set 设置
* Session.Remove 移除
* Session.TryGetValue 获取数据 public IActionResult Hello() { // byte[]
HttpContext.Session.Set("byte", new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }); var bytes =
HttpContext.Session.Get("byte"); // string
HttpContext.Session.SetString("name", "tom"); var name =
HttpContext.Session.GetString("name"); // int
HttpContext.Session.SetInt32("id", 20); var id =
HttpContext.Session.GetInt32("id"); HttpContext.Session.Remove("name");
HttpContext.Session.Clear(); return Content("Hello"); }
* 数据绑定
* 把用户请求的数据绑定到控制器方法的参数上
* 支持简单类型与自定义类型
* 绑定规则是请求数据名称与参数名称一致
* 如查询字符串key名称跟参数一致
* Form表单名称跟参数一致 public IActionResult Hello(RequestModel request,int? age) {
// 查询字符串 var test = Request.Query["test"]; // 简单类型 var userAge = age; // 自定义类型
var name = request.Name; return Content("Hello"); } public class RequestModel {
public string Name { get; set; } }
* 内容补充
* 如果以Controller结尾的都是控制器，那如果程序里面由一些业务命名的时候也是以Controller结尾，怎么办？
* NonControllerAttribute /// <summary> /// 拍卖师控制类 /// </summary>
[NonController] public class AuctionController { }
* 常用特性
特性数据源
FromHeaderAttribute 请求头数据
FromRouteAttribute 路由数据
FromBodyAttribute 请求体
FromFormAttribute 表单数据
FromQueryAttribute 查询字符串
FromServicesAttribute 服务注册 public IActionResult Say( [FromForm]string name,
[FromQuery]int age, [FromHeader] string salt, [FromBody] string content ) {
return View(); }
* 特性参数
* 通过特性修饰参数来影响绑定逻辑
* 灵活扩展
* IActionResult
* 动作结果接口
* 具体实现
* JsonResult：返回JSON结构数据
* RedirectResult：跳转到新地址
* FileResult：返回文件
* ViewResult：返回视图内容
* ContentResult：文本内容
第三课视图与表单

* 数据传递
* ViewData
* ViewBag
* tempData
* Model
* Session
* Cache
ViewData ViewBag
键值对动态类型
索引器 ViewData的封装
支持任意类型动态属性
TempData Cache Session
视图级别应用程序级别会话级别
只允许消费一次服务器端保存服务器端保存
可多次赋值可设置有效期键值对形式
键值对形式键值对形式
* Cache
* 与.NET Framework时代不同，一种全新实现
* IMemoryCache接口
* 依赖注入方式获取
* IMemoryCache.Get/Set操作数据 [Controller] public class Test : Controller {
private readonly IMemoryCache _cache; public Test(IMemoryCache memoryCache) {
this._cache = memoryCache; } public IActionResult ReadCache() {
_cache.Set("name","tom"); _cache.Get("name"); _cache.Set("age",30);
_cache.Get("age"); User tom = new User(){ Name = "admin",Pwd = "123456"};
_cache.Set<User>("user",tom); _cache.Get<User>("user"); return Content("ok"); }
} public class User { public string Name { get; set; } public string Pwd { get;
set; } }
* ViewStart
* 以_ViewStart.cshtml命名，固定名称，不能更换
* 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下
* 自动执行，无需手工调用
* 不要再ViewStart中做大量的业务操作
* ViewImport
* 以_ViewImport.cshtml命名，固定名称，不能更换
* 只作引入操作
* 一般放在视图所在目录的根目录下
* 自动执行，无需手工调用
* 视图中可以使用@using关键字引入所需命名空间
* 通过ViewImport做全局性的命名空间引入，减少在每个页面中引入的工作量
第四课数据验证

* 数据验证特性ValidationAttribute public abstract class ValidationAttribute :
Attribute { /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see>
class.</summary> protected ValidationAttribute(); /// <summary>Initializes a
new instance of the <see
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see> class
by using the function that enables access to validation resources.</summary>
/// <param name="errorMessageAccessor">The function that enables access to
validation resources.</param> /// <exception
cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException"><paramref
name="errorMessageAccessor">errorMessageAccessor</paramref> is
null.</exception> protected ValidationAttribute(Func<string>
errorMessageAccessor); /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute"></see> class
by using the error message to associate with a validation control.</summary>
/// <param name="errorMessage">The error message to associate with a validation
control.</param> protected ValidationAttribute(string errorMessage); ///
<summary>Gets or sets an error message to associate with a validation control
if validation fails.</summary> /// <returns>The error message that is
associated with the validation control.</returns> public string ErrorMessage {
get; set; } /// <summary>Gets or sets the error message resource name to use in
order to look up the <see
cref="P:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.ErrorMessageResourceType"></see>
property value if validation fails.</summary> /// <returns>The error message
resource that is associated with a validation control.</returns> public string
ErrorMessageResourceName { get; set; } /// <summary>Gets or sets the resource
type to use for error-message lookup if validation fails.</summary> ///
<returns>The type of error message that is associated with a validation
control.</returns> public Type ErrorMessageResourceType { get; set; } ///
<summary>Gets the localized validation error message.</summary> ///
<returns>The localized validation error message.</returns> protected string
ErrorMessageString { get; } /// <summary>Gets a value that indicates whether
the attribute requires validation context.</summary> /// <returns>true if the
attribute requires validation context; otherwise, false.</returns> public
virtual bool RequiresValidationContext { get; } /// <summary>Applies formatting
to an error message, based on the data field where the error
occurred.</summary> /// <param name="name">The name to include in the formatted
message.</param> /// <returns>An instance of the formatted error
message.</returns> public virtual string FormatErrorMessage(string name); ///
<summary>Checks whether the specified value is valid with respect to the
current validation attribute.</summary> /// <param name="value">The value to
validate.</param> /// <param name="validationContext">The context information
about the validation operation.</param> /// <returns>An instance of the <see
cref="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult"></see>
class.</returns> public ValidationResult GetValidationResult( object value,
ValidationContext validationContext); /// <summary>Determines whether the
specified value of the object is valid.</summary> /// <param name="value">The
value of the object to validate.</param> /// <returns>true if the specified
value is valid; otherwise, false.</returns> public virtual bool IsValid(object
value); /// <summary>Validates the specified value with respect to the current
validation attribute.</summary> /// <param name="value">The value to
validate.</param> /// <param name="validationContext">The context information
about the validation operation.</param> /// <returns>An instance of the <see
cref="System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationResult"></see>
class.</returns> protected virtual ValidationResult IsValid( object value,
ValidationContext validationContext); /// <summary>Validates the specified
object.</summary> /// <param name="value">The object to validate.</param> ///
<param name="validationContext">The <see
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationContext"></see> object
that describes the context where the validation checks are performed. This
parameter cannot be null.</param> /// <exception
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException">Validation
failed.</exception> public void Validate(object value, ValidationContext
validationContext); /// <summary>Validates the specified object.</summary> ///
<param name="value">The value of the object to validate.</param> /// <param
name="name">The name to include in the error message.</param> /// <exception
cref="T:System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationException"><paramref
name="value">value</paramref> is not valid.</exception> public void
Validate(object value, string name); }
* 常用数据验证
* RequiredAttribute
* RegularExpressionAttribute
* CompareAttribute
* RangeAttribute
* MaxAttribute
* MinAttribute
* StringLengthAttribute
* DataTypeAttribute
* 服务器端使用
* 使用包含验证规则的类接收数据
* 使用ModelState.IsValid判断是否符合要求
* 前端使用
* 定义强类型视图并传递包含验证规则的业务数据模型
* 使用HtmlHelper.ValidationFor初始前端验证规则
* 使用HtmlHelper.ValidationMessageFor生成提示文字 public class UserLogin {
[Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名不能为空")] [StringLength(10,ErrorMessage =
"用户名长度不能超过10位")] public string UserName { get; set; } //[Required(ErrorMessage
= "密码不能为空")] [StringLength(6,ErrorMessage = "密码长度不能超过6位")] public string
Password { get; set; } } public class FormController : Controller { public
IActionResult Index() { return View(new UserLogin()); } public IActionResult
PostData(UserLogin login) { return Content(ModelState.IsValid?"数据有效":"数据无效"); }
} @model Lesson2.Models.UserLogin @{ Layout = null; } <!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>Index</title> <script src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="~/lib/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.min.js"></script>
<script
src="~/lib/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js"></script>
</head> <body> <form asp-action="PostData" method="post"> <table> <tr>
<td>用户名</td> <td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.UserName)</td>
<td>@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.UserName)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>密码</td>
<td>@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password)</td> <td>@Html.ValidationMessageFor(m =>
m.Password)</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><input type="submit" value="登录"
/></td> <td></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
第五课路由规则

* 路由
* 定义用户请求与控制器方法之前的映射关系
* 路由配置
* IRouteBuilder
* 通过MapRoute方法配置路由模板 app.UseMvc(routes => { routes.MapRoute( name:
"default", template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
routes.MapRoute( name: "admin_default", template:
"admin/{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); });
* RouteAttribute
* 应用在控制器及方法上
* 通过Template属性配置路由模板 [Route("admin/form")] public class FormController :
Controller { [Route("index")] public IActionResult Index() { return View(new
UserLogin()); } public IActionResult PostData(UserLogin login) { return
Content(ModelState.IsValid?"数据有效":"数据无效"); } }
* 路由约束
* 对路由数据进行约束
* 只有约束满足条件才能匹配成功
约束示例说明
required "Product/{ProductName:required}" 参数必选
alpha "Product/{ProductName:alpha}" 匹配字母，大小写不限
int "Product/{ProductId:int}" 匹配int类型
··· ··· ···
composite "Product/{ProductId:composite}" 匹配composite类型
length "Product/{ProductName:length(5)}" 长度必须是5个字符
length "Product/{ProductName:length(5)}" 长度在5-10之间
maxlength "Product/{ProductId:maxlength(10)}" 最大长度为10
minlength "Product/{ProductId:minlength(3)}" 最小长度为3
min "Product/{ProductId:min(3)}" 大于等于3
max "Product/{ProductId:max(10)}" 小于等于10
range "Product/{ProductId:range(5,10)}" 对应的数组在5-10之间
regex "Product/{ProductId:regex(^\d{4}$)}" 符合指定的正则表达式
* 路由数据
* 路由数据也是请求数据的一部分
* 路由数据与表单数据一样，也可以绑定到参数上
* 默认是通过名称进行匹配，也可以通过FormRouteAttribute匹配参数与路由数据的映射关系 public IActionResult
Index([FromRoute] int? id) { return View(); }
第六课应用发布与部署

* 发布
* 发布方法
* 使用Visual Studio发布应用：项目右键 -> 发布 -> 发布方式选择...
* 使用dotnet publish命令行工具发布：dotnet publish --configuration Release --runtime
win7-x64 --output c:\svc
* 视图预编译
* 少了运行时编译过程，启动速度快
* 预编译后，整个程序包更小
* 可以通过MvcRazorCompileOnPublish配置是否开启，默认是开启状态
* 关闭视图预编译：
* 打开项目的.csproj文件
* 配置MvcRazorCompileOnPublish为false <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>  <MvcRazorCompileOnPublish>false</MvcRazorCompileOnPublish> </PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Design" Version="2.1.2"
PrivateAssets="All" /> <PackageReference
Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="2.1.1" />
</ItemGroup> </Project>
* 部署
* IIS 部署
* 目标机器安装对应版本的.NET Core Sdk
<https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learn/dotnet/hello-world-tutorial/install>
* 安装.NET Core Windows Server 托管程序
<https://www.microsoft.com/net/permalink/dotnetcore-current-windows-runtime-bundle-installer>
* 应用程序池的“.NET CLR版本”设置为“无托管代码”
*
* 自宿主发布
* 发布成一个exe直接运行
* 不用依赖IIS
* RuntimeIdentifier
* .NET Core RID Catalog
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/rid-catalog>  <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<RuntimeIdentifier>win7-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
<SelfContained>false</SelfContained>
<IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>true</IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>
</PropertyGroup>  <PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<RuntimeIdentifier>win7-x64</RuntimeIdentifier>
<IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>true</IsTransformWebConfigDisabled>
</PropertyGroup> ... ... ...
源码地址

* DncLesson <https://github.com/Run2948/DncLesson>
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