先决条件

* 关于 Ocelot
* 针对使用 .NET 开发微服务架构或者面向服务架构提供一个统一访问系统的组件。 参考 <http://threemammals.com/ocelot>
* 本文将使用 Ocelot 构建统一入口的 Gateway。
* 关于 IdentityServer4
* IdentityServer4 是一个 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 框架用于 ASP.NET Core
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/?view=aspnetcore-2.2>
。IdentityServer4 在你的应用程序中集成了基于令牌认证、单点登录、API访问控制所需的所有协议和扩展点。参考
<http://docs.identityserver.io/en/latest/>
* 本文将使用 IdentityServer4 搭建独立认证服务器。
* 关于 Consul
* Consul 是一个服务网格解决方案,通过服务发现、配置、功能分割提供一个全功能的控制层。这些功能可以单独使用,也可以同时使用以形成一个完整的网格服务。
参考 <https://www.consul.io/intro/index.html>
* 本文将使用 Consul 注册多个服务。
* 关于 .Net Core
* 将使用 WebApi 构建多个服务
构建 IdentityServer 服务

* 添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目

* 添加空项目

* 在程序包管理控制台中输入:Install-Package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
*
添加 Config.cs 文件,并添加内容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic; using IdentityServer4.Models; using
IdentityServer4.Test; namespace IdentityServer { public sealed class Config {
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources() { return new
List<ApiResource> { new ApiResource("ServiceA", "ServiceA API"), new
ApiResource("ServiceB", "ServiceB API") }; } public static IEnumerable<Client>
GetClients() { return new List<Client> { new Client { ClientId =
"ServiceAClient", AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
ClientSecrets = { new Secret("ServiceAClient".Sha256()) }, AllowedScopes = new
List<string> {"ServiceA"}, AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1 }, new Client {
ClientId = "ServiceBClient", AllowedGrantTypes =
GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword, ClientSecrets = { new
Secret("ServiceBClient".Sha256()) }, AllowedScopes = new List<string>
{"ServiceB"}, AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1 } }; } public static
List<TestUser> GetUsers() { return new List<TestUser> { new TestUser { Username
= "test", Password = "123456", SubjectId = "1" } }; } public static
IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources() { return new
List<IdentityResource>(); } } }
注意:这里添加了两个 Client ,分别为 ServiceA、ServiceB ,因此接下来将构建这两个服务。

*
删掉StartUp.cs文件,在Program.cs中添加内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace IdentityServer { public
class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) {
CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder
CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) { return
WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).ConfigureServices(services => {
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
services.AddIdentityServer() .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients()) .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers());
}).Configure(app => { app.UseIdentityServer(); }); } } }
注意:AddDeveloperSigningCredential() 方法用于添加开发时使用的 Key material
<http://docs.identityserver.io/en/latest/topics/startup.html#key-material>
,生产环境中不要使用该方法。在 .NET Core 2.2 中新建的 Web 项目文件 csproj 中包含了如下内容:
csharp <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>
这里更改
csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
为或直接删除该行,这么做的原因是当值为 InProcess 时,读写 tempkey.rsa 将产生权限问题。关于
AspNetCoreHostingModel 可参考ASP.NET Core Module
<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/host-and-deploy/aspnet-core-module?view=aspnetcore-2.2>

csharp <AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>

*
F5 启动该服务,显示如下:


在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:38033/.well-known/openid-configuration
<http://localhost:38033/.well-known/openid-configuration> ,得到以下内容


至此,一个包含两个服务认证的认证服务搭建完毕。

构建 ServiceA、ServiceB

*
添加 ASP.Net Core Web 项目,这里以 ServiceA 为例进行构建


*
添加 ASP.Net Core API


*
在程序包管理控制台中运行
Install-Package IdentityModel
*
在 StartUp.cs 中添加内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace ServiceA { public class
Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration =
configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method
gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
services.AddAuthentication("Bearer") .AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options => {
options.Authority = "http://127.0.0.1:8021"; options.RequireHttpsMetadata =
false; options.Audience = "ServiceA"; }); } // This method gets called by the
runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void
Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) { if
(env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); }
app.UseAuthentication(); app.UseMvc(); } } }
*
添加 SessionController 用于用户登录,内容如下:
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Net.Http; using
System.Threading.Tasks; using IdentityModel.Client; using
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers {
[Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class SessionController :
ControllerBase { public async Task<string> Login(UserRequestModel
userRequestModel) { // discover endpoints from metadata var client = new
HttpClient(); DiscoveryResponse disco = await
client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://127.0.0.1:8021"); if (disco.IsError) {
return "认证服务器未启动"; } TokenResponse tokenResponse = await
client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest { Address =
disco.TokenEndpoint, ClientId = "ServiceAClient", ClientSecret =
"ServiceAClient", UserName = userRequestModel.Name, Password =
userRequestModel.Password }); return tokenResponse.IsError ?
tokenResponse.Error : tokenResponse.AccessToken; } } public class
UserRequestModel { [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户名称不可以为空")] public string Name {
get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "用户密码不可以为空")] public string Password {
get; set; } } }
*
添加 HealthController 用于 Consul 进行服务健康检查,内容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers {
[Route("api/[controller]"), ApiController] public class HealthController :
ControllerBase { /// <summary> /// 健康检查 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns>
[HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { return Ok(); } } }
*
更改 ValuesController.cs 内容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers { [Authorize]
//添加 Authorize Attribute 以使该控制器启用认证 [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController]
public class ValuesController : ControllerBase { // GET api/values [HttpGet]
public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get() { return new[] { "value1",
"value2" }; } } }
注意,以上基本完成了 ServiceA 的服务构建,但在实际应用中应做一些修改,例如:IdentityServer 地址应在
appsettings.json 中进行配置,不应把地址分散于项目中各处;认证服务启用最好在全局启用,以防止漏写等等。ServiceB 的内容与
ServiceA 大致相似,因此文章中将不再展示 ServiceB 的构建过程。

Gateway 构建

*
添加ASP.Net Web


*
添加空项目


* 打开程序包管理器控制台输入命令:
csharp install-package Ocelot //添加 Ocelot
csharp install-package Ocelot.Provider.Consul // 添加 Consul 服务发现
*
添加 ocelot.json 文件,内容如下
{ "ReRoutes": [ { "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceA/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ], "ServiceName":
"ServiceA", //consul 服务中 ServiceA 的名称 "LoadBalancerOptions": { "Type":
"LeastConnection" } }, { "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}",
"DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceB/{everything}",
"UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ], "ServiceName":
"ServiceB", //consul 服务中 ServiceB 的名称 "LoadBalancerOptions": { "Type":
"LeastConnection" } } ], "GlobalConfiguration": { "ServiceDiscoveryProvider": {
// Consul 服务发现配置 "Host": "localhost", // Consul 地址 "Port": 8500, "Type":
"Consul" } } }
*
删除 StartUp.cs 文件,在 Program.cs 文件中添加如下内容
using System.IO; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using
Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Ocelot.DependencyInjection; using
Ocelot.Middleware; using Ocelot.Provider.Consul; namespace ApiGateway { public
class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { new WebHostBuilder()
.UseKestrel() .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config
.SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json",
true, true) .AddJsonFile("ocelot.json") .AddEnvironmentVariables(); })
.ConfigureServices(services => { services.AddOcelot().AddConsul(); })
.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) => { //add your logging })
.UseIISIntegration() .Configure(app => { app.UseOcelot().Wait(); }) .Build()
.Run(); } } }
注意:打开 Gateway.csproj 文件,更改
<PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>

<PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>
至此,一个基础网关基本构建完成。

构建 Consul <https://www.consul.io/docs/index.html> 服务

*
使用 Chocoletey <https://chocolatey.org/> 安装 Consul,
choco install consul
*
新建一个文件夹以保存 Consul 服务配置


*
在 consul.d 文件夹中添加配置文件,内容如下:
{ "services": [{ "ID": "ServiceA", "Name": "ServiceA", "Tags": [
"ServiceAWebApi", "Api" ], "Address": "127.0.0.1", "Port": 8010, "Check": {
"HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8010/Api/health", "Interval": "10s" } }, { "id":
"ServiceB", "name": "ServiceB", "tags": [ "ServiceBWebApi","Api" ], "Address":
"127.0.0.1", "Port": 8011, "Check": [{ "HTTP":
"http://127.0.0.1:8011/Api/health", "Interval": "10s" } ] } ] }
*
启动 consul 服务
consul agent -dev -config-dir=./consul.d
启动后在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8500/ui/ <http://localhost:8500/ui/> 以查看Consul服务


Postman 验证

*
F5 启动 Gateway 项目,启动 Postman 发送请求到 ServiceA 获取 Token。


*
使用 Token 请求 ServiceA Values 接口


*
当尝试使用 ServiceA 获取到的 Token 去获取 ServiceB 的数据时,请求也如意料之中返回 401


总结

至此,一个由 .NET Core、IdentityServer4、Ocelot、Consul实现的基础架构搭建完毕。源码地址
<https://github.com/SoMeDay-Zhang/GatewayAuthentication>

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